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Feasibility of bubble surface modification for natural organic matter removal from river water using

Yulong Shi, Jiaxuan Yang, Jun Ma, Congwei Luo

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0954-2

摘要： A novel, functionalized bubble surface can be obtained in dissolved air flotation (DAF) by dosing chemicals in the saturator. In this study, different cationic chemicals were used as bubble surface modifiers, and their effects on natural organic matter (NOM) removal from river water were investigated. NOM in the samples was fractionated based on molecular weight and hydrophobicity. The disinfection byproduct formation potentials of each fraction and their removal efficiencies were also evaluated. The results showed that chitosan was the most promising bubble modifier compared with a surfactant and a synthetic polymer. Tiny bubbles in the DAF pump system facilitated the adsorption of chitosan onto microbubble surfaces. The hydrophobic NOM fraction was preferentially removed by chitosan-modified bubbles. Decreasing the recycle water pH from 7.0 to 5.5 improved the removal of hydrophilic NOM with low molecular weight. Likewise, hydrophilic organic compounds gave high dihaloacetic acid yields in raw water. An enhanced reduction of haloacetic acid precursors was obtained with recycle water at pH values of 5.5 and 4.0. The experimental results indicate that NOM fractions may interact with bubbles through different mechanisms. Positive bubble modification provides an alternative approach for DAF to enhance NOM removal.

关键词： Bubble surface modification     Chitosan     Disinfection by-product     Dissolved air flotation     Organic fraction    

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Surface modification techniques of membranes to improve their antifouling characteristics: recent advancements

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第12期   页码 1837-1865 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2347-3

摘要： Surface modification techniques of membranes to improve their antifouling characteristics: recent advancements and developments

关键词： Surface modification techniques    

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Tribological study on the surface modification of metal-on-polymer bioimplants

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第17卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0682-6

摘要： The tribological performance of artificial joints is regarded as the main factor of the lifespan of implanted prostheses. The relationship between surface roughness and coefficient of friction (COF) under dry and lubricated conditions is studied. Results show that under dry test, friction coefficient is not reduced all the time with a decrease in surface roughness. On the contrary, a threshold of roughness value is observed, and frictional force increases again below this value. This critical value lies between 40 and 100 nm in Sa (roughness). This phenomenon is due to the transfer of friction mechanisms from abrasion to adhesion. Under wet test, COF always decreases with reduction in surface roughness. This result is mainly attributed to the existence of a thin layer of lubricant film that prevents the intimate contact of two articulating surfaces, thus greatly alleviating adhesion friction. Furthermore, surface texturing technology is successful in improving the corresponding tribological performance by decreasing friction force and mitigating surface deterioration. The even-distribution mode of texturing patterns is most suitable for artificial joints. By obtaining the optimal surface roughness and applying texturing technology, the tribological performance of polymer-based bioimplants can be greatly enhanced.

关键词： artificial joints     surface roughness     friction     surface texturing    

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Improved blending strategy for membrane modification by virtue of surface segregation using surface-tailored

Shuai Liang, Peng Gao, Xiaoqi Gao, Kang Xiao, Xia Huang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0875-5

摘要： Two types of amphiphilic nanoparticles were prepared via silanization reaction. Amphiphilic nanoparticles tend to protrude from membrane matrix by segregation. Blending with amphiphilic nanoparticles further enhances membrane hydrophilicity. Excessive silanization cause adverse effect on blending efficiency. Membrane modification is one of the most feasible and effective solutions to membrane fouling problem which tenaciously hampered the further augmentation of membrane separation technology. Blending modification with nanoparticles (NPs), owing to the convenience of being incorporated in established membrane production lines, possesses an advantageous viability in practical applications. However, the existing blending strategy suffers from a low utilization efficiency due to NP encasement by membrane matrix. The current study proposed an improved blending modification approach with amphiphilic NPs (aNPs), which were prepared through silanization using 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMSPMA) as coupling agents and ZnO or SiO as pristine NPs (pNPs), respectively. The Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses revealed the presence of appropriate organic components in both the ZnO and SiO aNPs, which verified the success of the silanization process. As compared with the pristine and conventional pNP-blended membranes, both the ZnO aNP-blended and SiO aNP-blended membranes with proper silanization (100% and 200% w/w) achieved a significantly increased blending efficiency with more NPs scattering on the internal and external membrane surfaces under scanning electron microscope observation. This improvement contributed to the increase of membrane hydrophilicity. Nevertheless, an extra dosage of the TMSPMA led to an encasement of NPs, thereby adversely affecting the properties of the resultant membranes. On the basis of all the tests, 100% (w/w) was selected as the optimum TMSPMA dosage for blending modification for both the ZnO and SiO types.

关键词： Membrane modification     Nanoparticle     Hydrophilic     Amphiphilic     Blending    

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Surface modification by ligand growth strategy for dense copper bismuth film as photocathode to enhance

《能源前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0893-5

摘要： Hydrogen production from photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting has been regarded as a promising way to utilize renewable and endless solar energy. However, semiconductor film grown on photoelectrode suffers from numerous challenges, leading to the poor PEC performance. Herein, a straightforward sol-gel method with the ligand-induced growth strategy was employed to obtain dense and homogeneous copper bismuthate photocathodes for PEC hydrogen evolution reaction. By various characterizations, it was found that the nucleation and surface growth of CuBi2O4 layer induced by 2-methoxyethanol ligand (2-CuBi2O4) demonstrated a decent crystallinity and coverage, as well as a large grain size and a low oxygen vacancy concentration, leading to the good ability of light absorption and carrier migration. Consequently, under simulated sunlight irradiation (AM1.5G, 100 mW/cm2), the 2-CuBi2O4 photocathode achieved an enhanced photocurrent density of −1.34 mA·cm−2 at 0.4 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode and a promising applied bias photon-to-current efficiency of 0.586%. This surface modification by ligand growth strategy will shed light on the future design of advanced photoelectrodes for PEC water splitting.

关键词： copper bismuthate     photocathode     ligand growth strategy     dense film     PEC    

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Surface modification of cellulose nanocrystals

WANG Neng, DING Enyong, CHENG Rongshi

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第3期   页码 228-232 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0041-5

摘要： In order to improve the dispersibility of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) particles, three different grafted reactions of acetylation, hydroxyethylation and hydroxypropylation were introduced to modify the CNC surface. The main advantages of these methods were the simple and easily controlled reaction conditions, and the dispersibility of the resulting products was distinctly improved. The properties of the modified CNC were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). The results indicated that after desiccation, the modification products could be dispersed again in the proper solvents by ultrasonic treatments, and the diameter of their particles had no obvious changes. However, their thermal degradation behaviors were quite different. The initial decomposition temperature of the modified products via hydroxyethylation or hydroxypropylation was lower than that of modified products via acetylation.

关键词： acetylation     degradation     transform     microscopy     desiccation    

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激光表面改性技术发展研究

张群莉,王梁,梅雪松,姚建华

《中国工程科学》 2020年 第22卷 第3期   页码 71-77 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.03.010

摘要：

激光表面改性技术利用高能量密度的激光束对零部件局部易损易耗区域进行快速处理，获得材料表面所需性能，进而大幅延长零部件使用寿命，已在航空航天、石油化工、能源、交通、冶金等领域获得应用。本文针对激光冲击强化、激光淬火、激光熔覆3 种典型的激光表面改性技术，梳理了相应技术特点及国内外应用现状，凝练我国相关技术领域面临的差距与问题，总结激光表面改性技术的重点发展方向：专用合金材料制备、多能场激光复合表面改性、面向现场的激光再制造、激光冲击强化控形控性、激光表面改性智能化、激光表面微结构化。从政府引导、国产化创新、产业链完善、质量评价标准体系、人才培养等方面提出发展建议，以期为我国激光表面改性技术发展提供参考借鉴。

关键词： 激光表面改性     冲击强化     淬火     熔覆     发展趋势    

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Upgrade of three municipal wastewater treatment lagoons using a high surface area media

John WANG, Peng JIN, Paul L. BISHOP, Fuzhi LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 288-293 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0280-z

摘要： Lagoon-based municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are facing difficulties meeting the needs of rapid population growth as well as the more stringent requirements of discharge permits. Three municipal WWTPs were modified using a high surface area media with upgraded fine-bubble aeration systems. Performance data collected showed very promising results in terms of five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD ), ammonia (NH ) and total suspended solids (TSS) removal. Two-year average ammonia effluents were 4.1 mg·L for Columbia WWTP, 4 mg·L for Larchmont WWTP and 2.1 mg·L for Laurelville WWTP, respectively. Two- year average BOD effluents were 6.8, 4.9 and 2.7 mg·L , and TSS effluents were 15.0, 9.6 and 7.5 mg·L . The systems also showed low fecal coliform (FC) levels in their effluents.

关键词： wastewater lagoons     wastewater biological treatment     ammonia removal     high surface area media     fine bubble aeration    

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Modification of polycarbonateurethane surface with poly(ethylene glycol) monoacrylate and phosphorylcholine

Jing YANG,Juan LV,Bin GAO,Li ZHANG,Dazhi YANG,Changcan SHI,Jintang GUO,Wenzhong LI,Yakai FENG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 188-196 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1414-1

摘要： Poly(ethylene glycol) monoacrylate (PEGMA) is grafted onto polycarbonateurethane (PCU) surface via ultraviolet initiated photopolymerization. The hydroxyl groups of poly(PEGMA) on the surface react with one NCO group of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and another NCO group of IPDI is then hydrolyzed to form amino terminal group, which is further grafted with phosphorylcholine glyceraldehyde to establish a biocompatible hydrophilic structure on the surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm the successful grafting of both PEG and phosphorylcholine functional groups on the surface. The decrease of the water contact angle for the modified film is caused by synergic effect of PEG and phosphorylcholine, which both have the high hydrophilicity. Furthermore, the number of platelets adhered is relative low on the synergetically modified PCU film compared with the PCU film modified only by poly(PEGMA). Our synergic modification method using both PEG and phosphorylcholine may be applied in surface modification of blood-contacting biomaterials and some relevant devices.

关键词： poly(ethylene glycol) monoacrylate     phosphorylcholine     polycarbonateurethane     surface modification     anti-platelet adhesion     biomaterials    

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Simulation of bubble column reactors using CFD coupled with a population balance model

Tiefeng WANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 162-172 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0267-5

摘要： Bubble columns are widely used in chemical and biochemical processes due to their excellent mass and heat transfer characteristics and simple construction. However, their fundamental hydrodynamic behaviors, which are essential for reactor scale-up and design, are still not fully understood. To develop design tools for engineering purposes, much research has been carried out in the area of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and simulation of gas-liquid flows. Due to the importance of the bubble behavior, the bubble size distribution must be considered in the CFD models. The population balance model (PBM) is an effective approach to predict the bubble size distribution, and great efforts have been made in recent years to couple the PBM into CFD simulations. This article gives a selective review of the modeling and simulation of bubble column reactors using CFD coupled with PBM. Bubble breakup and coalescence models due to different mechanisms are discussed. It is shown that the CFD-PBM coupled model with proper bubble breakup and coalescence models and interphase force formulations has the ability of predicting the complex hydrodynamics in different flow regimes and, thus, provides a unified description of both the homogeneous and heterogeneous regimes. Further study is needed to improve the models of bubble coalescence and breakup, turbulence modification in high gas holdup, and interphase forces of bubble swarms.

关键词： bubble column     computational fluid dynamics     bubble breakup and coalescence     population balance model     bubble size distribution    

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Surface modification of biomaterials by photochemical immobilization and photograft polymerization to

Yakai FENG, Haiyang ZHAO, Li ZHANG, Jintang GUO,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 372-381 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0005-z

摘要： Thrombus formation and blood coagulation are serious problems associated with blood contacting products, such as catheters, vascular grafts, artificial hearts, and heart valves. Recent progresses and strategies to improve the hemocompatibility of biomaterials by surface modification using photochemical immobilization and photograft polymerization are reviewed in this paper. Three approaches to modify biomaterial surfaces for improving the hemocompatibility, i.e., bioinert surfaces, immobilization of anticoagulative substances and biomimetic surfaces, are introduced. The biomimetic amphiphilic phosphorylcholine and Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence are the most effective and most often employed biomolecules and peptide sequence for improving hemocompatibility of material surfaces. The RGD sequence can enhance adhesion and growth of endothelial cells (ECs) on material surfaces and increase the retention of ECs under flow shear stress conditions. This surface modification is a promising strategy for biomaterials especially for cardiovascular grafts and functional tissue engineered blood vessels.

关键词： biomimetic amphiphilic     amphiphilic phosphorylcholine     endothelial     functional     biomaterial    

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Surface modification of titanium dioxide for electrophoretic particles

PENG Xuhui, LE Yuan, BIAN Shuguang, LI Woyuan, WU Wei, DAI Haitao, CHEN Jianfeng

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第4期   页码 338-342 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0061-1

摘要： To prepare stable electrophoretic ink (E Ink) needs color particles to be uniformly dispersed in the organic medium. Thus, t-he modification of inorganic particle surface is required. In this paper, Titanium dioxide modified by alumina has been studied. The surface composition and structures of modified particles have been characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR). The dispersibility and electrophoretic mobility of these particles in tetrachloroethylene (TCE) have been investigated by laser particle size analyzer, static sedimentation and electrophoretic instrument. Effects of temperature, pH value and stirring rate on the dispersibility and the charge property of samples have been discussed. The results indicate the settle time of modified TiO can last 120 h with the response time of 35 s under the optimized modifying conditions, in which temperature is 85°C–90°C, pH is 8–9 and stirring rate is 800 r · min. The dispersibility and electrophoretic mobility have been significantly improved, which means that the modified TiO is suitable for electrophoretic ink particles.

关键词： inorganic particle     temperature     tetrachloroethylene     transform     optimized modifying    

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Characterisation of a microwave induced plasma torch for glass surface modification

Adam BENNETT, Nan YU, Fengzhou FANG, Marco CASTELLI, Guoda CHEN, Alessio BALLERI, Takuya URAYAMA

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第16卷 第1期   页码 122-132 doi: 10.1007/s11465-020-0603-5

摘要： Microwave induced plasma torches find wide applications in material and chemical analysis. Investigation of a coaxial electrode microwave induced plasma (CE–MIP) torch is conducted in this study, making it available for glass surface modification and polishing. A dedicated nozzle is designed to inject secondary gases into the main plasma jet. This study details the adaptation of a characterisation process for CE–MIP technology. Microwave spectrum analysis is used to create a polar plot of the microwave energy being emitted from the coaxial electrode, where the microwave energy couples with the gas to generate the plasma jet. Optical emission spectroscopy analysis is also employed to create spatial maps of the photonic intensity distribution within the plasma jet when different additional gases are injected into it. The CE–MIP torch is experimentally tested for surface energy modification on glass where it creates a super-hydrophilic surface.

关键词： microwave induced plasma     spectrum analysis     surface modification    

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Experimental study on bubble behavior and CFD simulation of large-scale slurry bubble column reactor

Haoyi SUN, Tao LI, Weiyong YING, Dingye FANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 515-522 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0516-7

摘要： Slurry bubble column reactors (SBCR) is a three-phase fluidized reactor with outstanding advantages compared with other reactors and is difficult to scale-up due to lack of information on hydrodynamics and mass transfer over a wide range of operating conditions of commercial interest. In this paper, an experiment was conducted to investigate the bubble behavior in SBCR with a height of 5600 mm and an interior diameter of 480 mm. Bubble rise velocity, bubble diameter, and gas holdup in different radial and axial positions are measured in SBCR using four-channel conductivity probe. Tap water, air, and glass beads (mean diameter 75–150 μm) are used as liquid, gas, and solid phases, respectively. It shows that hydrodynamic parameters have good regularity in SBCR. Moreover, a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package, Fluent, was used to simulate the process in SBCR. The simulations were carried out using axi-symmetric 2-D grids. Data obtained from experiment and CFD simulation are compared, and results show that the tendency of simulation is almost uniform with the experiment, which can help to obtain further understanding about multiphase flow process and establish a model about the synthesis of alcohol ether fuel in SBCR.

关键词： SBCR     four-channel conductivity probe     hydrodynamics     CFD    

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Experimental study on the stratum applicability and mechanisms of bubble–slurry for earth pressure balance

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》   页码 1387-1399 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0005-y

摘要： Soil conditioning is essential for addressing the stratum applicability problem of earth pressure balance (EPB) shields. Under high water pressures, EPB shields spew water and soil when excavating coarse-grained strata. Typically, foam combined with polymers and slurry is used to solve spewing. However, in current techniques, slurry, foam, and the other agents are mixed with soil separately, their synergistic effect is seldom realized. In this study, an anionic surfactant was used to foam in bentonite slurry to form bubble–slurry to maximize the synergy between bubbles and slurry. The slump, volume stability, and permeability test of bubble–slurry-conditioned sand was conducted to examine the conditioning effect, and the stratum applicability of bubble–slurry was determined from the perspective of permeability. It was found that the conditioning effect of bubble–slurry in coarse gravel soil was excellent and could expand the applicability of EPB shields. The main stabilization mechanism of bubble–slurry is that bentonite particles provide a space barrier for bubbles. And three seepage modes of bubble–slurry-conditioned sand were innovatively defined, and the occurrence conditions of the three seepage modes were analyzed according to the permeability coefficient of sand, initial dynamic shear force of bubble–slurry, and hydraulic gradient.

关键词： EPB shield     bubble–slurry     soil conditioning     stability     permeability    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Feasibility of bubble surface modification for natural organic matter removal from river water using

Yulong Shi, Jiaxuan Yang, Jun Ma, Congwei Luo

期刊论文

Surface modification techniques of membranes to improve their antifouling characteristics: recent advancements

期刊论文

Tribological study on the surface modification of metal-on-polymer bioimplants

期刊论文

Improved blending strategy for membrane modification by virtue of surface segregation using surface-tailored

Shuai Liang, Peng Gao, Xiaoqi Gao, Kang Xiao, Xia Huang

期刊论文

Surface modification by ligand growth strategy for dense copper bismuth film as photocathode to enhance

期刊论文

Surface modification of cellulose nanocrystals

WANG Neng, DING Enyong, CHENG Rongshi

期刊论文

激光表面改性技术发展研究

张群莉,王梁,梅雪松,姚建华

期刊论文

Upgrade of three municipal wastewater treatment lagoons using a high surface area media

John WANG, Peng JIN, Paul L. BISHOP, Fuzhi LI

期刊论文

Modification of polycarbonateurethane surface with poly(ethylene glycol) monoacrylate and phosphorylcholine

Jing YANG,Juan LV,Bin GAO,Li ZHANG,Dazhi YANG,Changcan SHI,Jintang GUO,Wenzhong LI,Yakai FENG

期刊论文

Simulation of bubble column reactors using CFD coupled with a population balance model

Tiefeng WANG

期刊论文

Surface modification of biomaterials by photochemical immobilization and photograft polymerization to

Yakai FENG, Haiyang ZHAO, Li ZHANG, Jintang GUO,

期刊论文

Surface modification of titanium dioxide for electrophoretic particles

PENG Xuhui, LE Yuan, BIAN Shuguang, LI Woyuan, WU Wei, DAI Haitao, CHEN Jianfeng

期刊论文

Characterisation of a microwave induced plasma torch for glass surface modification

Adam BENNETT, Nan YU, Fengzhou FANG, Marco CASTELLI, Guoda CHEN, Alessio BALLERI, Takuya URAYAMA

期刊论文

Experimental study on bubble behavior and CFD simulation of large-scale slurry bubble column reactor

Haoyi SUN, Tao LI, Weiyong YING, Dingye FANG

期刊论文

Experimental study on the stratum applicability and mechanisms of bubble–slurry for earth pressure balance

期刊论文